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Evaluation of Winter Triticale Collection on the Stability of the Manifestation of the Grain Yield Trait
Levchenko Olha,
Starychenko Vasyl
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
49-52
Received:
19 February 2021
Accepted:
8 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: The aim of the study was to establish correlations between the main traits of grain productivity and quality, as well as evaluate collection samples of winter triticale for plasticity and yield stability. Material and methods. The research was conducted during 2017–2019 at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” (Ukraine, Kyiv region). The objects of the study were collection samples of winter triticale. During the study were used field, laboratory, measuring-weight and mathematical-statistical research methods. Main results. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between the weight of grain from the plant with the weight of grain from the ear (r = 0.78), the average - with the number of grains from the plant and ear and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.47; 0.63 and 0.37) and weak - with starch content (r = 0.14). A negative correlation of the average strength was found with the protein content in the grain (r = −0.37). It was found that there is a weak positive correlation between the starch content and the weight and number of grains, which proves the possibility of creating forms with high grain productivity and high starch content. The most favorable conditions for the formation of high grain yields (average collection 4.97 t/ha) was in 2017, and the worst - in 2019 (4.09 t/ha). The studied varieties and samples were different in the level of plasticity and stability.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to establish correlations between the main traits of grain productivity and quality, as well as evaluate collection samples of winter triticale for plasticity and yield stability. Material and methods. The research was conducted during 2017–2019 at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” (Ukraine, Kyiv region). The objec...
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Ecological Plasticity of New Winter Wheat Varieties Under Environments of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe and Polissia
Oleksandr Demydov,
Vira Kyrylenko,
Bohdana Blyzniuk,
Halyna Volohdina,
Oleksandr Humeniuk,
Inna Misiura,
Iryna Pravdziva
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
53-60
Received:
22 February 2021
Accepted:
11 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: The research was conducted to evaluate winter wheat varieties in terms of yield, stability and plasticity in different agro-ecological zones. Ten varieties of winter wheat were sown during 2015-16–2017-18 in two agro-ecological research zones: Forest-Steppe (the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat) and Polissia (Nosivka Plant Breeding and Experimental Station). Methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used for data statistical processing. For all three years during active plant vegetation the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.9–1.2 in the Forest-Steppe zone and in the Polissia zone it was 1.0–1.3. Winter wheat yield formation was negatively affected by the conditions of 2016-17 in the Forest-Steppe zone and 2017-18 in Polissia zone according to the relative environmental index (REI = 66 and 73, respectively). The analysis of hydrothermal conditions of different agro-climatic zones of winter wheat cultivation indicates on significant variation of the influence of these conditions on individual stages of plant development. This made it possible to identify varieties with high ecological plasticity which are able to respond less to fluctuations in environmental conditions. Using analysis of variance, it was found that winter wheat yielding capacity was significantly influenced by the factors “Zone” and “Year” (28.8, 22.9%, respectively), but theу most (36.4%) it was influenced by the interaction “Year × Zone”, this indicates a significant difference in the impact of hydrothermal conditions on this trait depending on the agro-ecological zone of cultivation. It was established that the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone were favorable for the maximum realization of yield potential of the variety Horlytsia myronivs’ka (8.35 t/ha), while the conditions of Polissia zone were favorable for the varieties MIP Dniprianka, MIP Valensiia, Hospodynia myronivs’ka, Estafeta myronivs’ka, Hratsiia myronivs’ka (9.42; 9.65; 9.62; 9.69; 9.66 t/ha, respectively). According to the regression coefficient, the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivs’ka, Horlytsia myronivs’ka, MIP Valensiia, MIP Kniazhna, Estafeta myronivs’ka (bi = 0.89; 0.89; 0.93; 0.95; 0.99, respectively) with the best adaptive ability to unvavourable growing conditions were identified. According to the stability variance of the trait, there were identified the most stable varieties, namely MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivs’ka, MIP Dniprianka, Vezha myronivs’ka, Hratsiia myronivs’ka (S2di = 0.07; 0.09; 0.12; 0.17; 0.20, respectively) and the most unstable ones – Horlytsia myronivs’ka, Estafeta myronivs’ka, MIP Valensiia (S2di = 1.33; 0.83; 0.68, respectively).
Abstract: The research was conducted to evaluate winter wheat varieties in terms of yield, stability and plasticity in different agro-ecological zones. Ten varieties of winter wheat were sown during 2015-16–2017-18 in two agro-ecological research zones: Forest-Steppe (the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat) and Polissia (Nosivka Plant Breeding and Ex...
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Ecological Plasticity and Stability of Spring Bread Wheat Varieties by Yield Level in Agro-Ecological Zones of the Forest-Steppe and Polissia of Ukraine
Ruslan Blyzniuk,
Oleksandr Demydov,
Svitlana Khomenko,
Iryna Fedorenko,
Denys Berezovskyi,
Maryna Fedorenko,
Iryna Pravdziva,
Liudmyla Ivantsova,
Serhii Voloshchuk
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
61-68
Received:
22 February 2021
Accepted:
11 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: The weather conditions in the two ecological zones Forest-Steppe and Polissia of Ukraine differed considerably in temperature regime and rainfed environments both during growing season as a whole and during particular phases of plant development. This made it possible to estimate spring bread wheat varieties by the levels of realizing their plant productivity potential. The productivity of spring wheat plants mainly depends on the growing zone (29.2%), hydrothermal vegetation conditions (16.3%), as well as their interaction (27.1%). There have been identified the varieties of spring bread wheat Simkoda myronivs’ka, Struna myronivs’ka, MIP Zlata (UKR), Koksa (POL), Leguan (CZE) with increased yield level that were recommended to be grown in ecological zones Forest-Steppe and Polissia. The calculation of ecological plasticity and stability allowed differentiating the varieties of spring bread wheat in accordance with their responsiveness to variatione of growing conditions as well as with adaptive potential. High plasticity by yield level under growing conditions of the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones was determined in the varieties: Koksa (POL) (bi = 1.02), Simkoda myronivs’ka (UKR) (bi = 1.02), Granny (AUT) (bi = 1, 03), Heroinia (UKR) (bi = 1.01), Etiud (UKR) (bi = 1.02). These varieties may be characterized by adaptive properties as intensive ones with a pronounced response to the environment, i.e. relatively high grain yields may be resulted from a specific response to more favorable growing conditions. There were identified the most stable varieties for terms of yield in two ecological zones Yasna (POL), Siuita, Panianka, Kharkivs’ka 26, Elehiia myronivs’ka (UKR).
Abstract: The weather conditions in the two ecological zones Forest-Steppe and Polissia of Ukraine differed considerably in temperature regime and rainfed environments both during growing season as a whole and during particular phases of plant development. This made it possible to estimate spring bread wheat varieties by the levels of realizing their plant p...
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Inheritance of the Average Weight of the Fruit in Tomato Hybrids with High Lycopene Content
Liudmila Andreevna Rudas,
Mariya Viktorivna Torbanyuk,
Zinovy Deonizovich Sych
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
69-75
Received:
23 February 2021
Accepted:
9 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: We studied five parental forms of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Were obtained twenty F1 hybrids by the complete diallel scheme (5×5) and used to study inheritance of the average weight of the fruit. Were used as parental forms in the system of diallel crosses according to Hayman V. I. and Jinks I. J.: the line №477 (sp, u), variety Alya (sp) and three collection samples with high lycopene content in fruits: Dark green (hp -2dg), MO 112 (hp) and T-3627 (Bc). The results of the evaluation are given of the general and specific combining ability of the five parental forms of tomato of the average weight of the fruit, established the character of inheritance. In the course of research it was found that the average weight of the fruit is controlled by the additive-dominant genetic system. Inheritance occurs by type of incomplete dominance. The main role in the genetic control of the trait is played by the additive effects of genes, which allows for selection, starting with the second hybrid generation. The direction of dominance varies from the dominance of genes that reduce the manifestation of the trait to its absence. The highest reliable effects of general combining ability (GCA) had the variety Alya, which must be used to create heterosis hybrids. From hybrid combinations with his participation in the future it is possible to make selections for creation of varieties.
Abstract: We studied five parental forms of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Were obtained twenty F1 hybrids by the complete diallel scheme (5×5) and used to study inheritance of the average weight of the fruit. Were used as parental forms in the system of diallel crosses according to Hayman V. I. and Jinks I. J.: the line №477 (sp, u), variety Alya (sp) an...
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Yield and Sowing Qualities of Winter Bread Wheat Seeds Depending on the Preceding Crops and Sowing Dates in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Andrii Siroshtan,
Valerii Kavunets,
Oleksandr Derhachov,
Serhii Pykalo,
Liudmyla Ilchenk
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
76-82
Received:
24 February 2021
Accepted:
11 March 2021
Published:
22 March 2021
Abstract: Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world due to its wide geographical adaptation and nutritional value. The use of high-quality seeds of the best varieties being adapted to local growing conditions is an important requirement for increasing wheat yields. The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of preceding crops and sowing dates on yield and seed sowing quality of winter bread wheat varieties. On average, maximum yield capacity in 2016–2018 was obtained in the variety Trudivnytsia myronivska (7.41 t/ha) when sowing on 15 September after green manure, the minimum yield was in the variety MIP Kniazhna (4.03 t/ha) when sowing on 15 October after soybean as preceding crop. Shifting the sowing dates to later ones led to decrease in yield capacity by 0.97 and 0.62 t/ha after the preceding crops green manure and soybean, respectively. After the preceding crop soybean, the maximum yield (5.77 t/ha) was formed by the variety MIP Valensiia when sowing on 25 September. By ANOVA it was found that the level of wheat yield was the most significantly affected by hydrothermal conditions of the year (63%), the interaction “preceding crop conditions of the year” (12%) and preceding crop (11%). It was revealed that an increase in weight of 1000 seeds in the varieties on average was 3.9 g after the preceding crop green manure in comparison with the preceding crop soybean. There was a slight effect of preceding crops and sowing dates on seed vigor and laboratory germination. These rates were slightly higher for early and optimal sowing dates after green manure as compared with the soybean. Thus, it was confirmed that in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe green manure is the best preceding crop for seed production, especially for growing pre-basic seeds, while 15 and 25 September are the best sowing dates. For the preceding crop soybean, when sowing on 25 September and 05 October, the yield of wheat varieties was the highest in comparison with sowing on 15 October. Locations of winter wheat seed crops after the best preceding crops in crop rotation and optimal sowing dates will promote the most efficient using of climatic and anthropogenic factors, increase grain yield per area unit, and improve seed sowing quality.
Abstract: Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world due to its wide geographical adaptation and nutritional value. The use of high-quality seeds of the best varieties being adapted to local growing conditions is an important requirement for increasing wheat yields. The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of preceding crops and...
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Stability and Plasticity of Collection Samples of Durum Spring Wheat in the Forest-Steppe Conditions of Ukraine
Oleksandr Demydov,
Svitlana Khomenko,
Maryna Fedorenko,
Yevhenii Kuzmenko,
Serhii Pykalo
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
83-88
Received:
25 February 2021
Accepted:
11 March 2021
Published:
22 March 2021
Abstract: When working with collection material, one of the main problems is the study of most of the samples in a cycle of three years and the annual partial renewal of the set under study. Therefore, only a part of the varieties can be directly compared with each other in terms of ecological stability, and the main grouping has to be carried out by comparing the behavior of samples with standard varieties under conditions of different years. Even well-studied varieties are not always suitable for such comparisons. When selecting the starting material for breeding, it is important not only to find forms with a high level of manifestation of quantitative traits, but also to minimize this level under unfavorable conditions for plant growth and development. The purpose of our research was to determine the stability and plasticity of collection samples of spring durum wheat of various ecological and geographical origins. Over the years of the research, the yield averaged 330.3 g/m2 and varied from 434.3 g/m2 (max) in 2015 to 188.5 g/m2 (min) in 2018. This indicates that the genotype and contrast weather conditions of the years significantly affect the yield of collection samples of spring durum wheat. Stable and plastic collection samples of spring durum wheat were identified for yield: 193 THKNEE 8 (Mexico) (bi = 1.02, S2di = 0.11), ARN AAZ-1.040 YRC-4M (Mexico) (bi = 1.35, S2di = 0.12), SHAG 21 / CASCA (Mexico) (bi = 1.07, S2di = 0.23), Hordeiforme 13-07 (Ukraine) (bi = 2.11, S2di = 0.31). According to the results of our research, it was found that the highest grain weight per spike (1.90 g) was in the sample Voronezhskaya 11 (Russia), and the lowest value was in the sample Damsinskaya yantarnaya (Kazakhstan) (1.57 g). Among the plastic and stable collection samples by the grain weight per spike, the following samples were distinguished: DUN / MUSK 1 (bi = 3.45; S2di = 0.07), SHAG 9 / BBUTO / 7 (bi = 1.61; S2di = 0, 05), CASM 3 // SRN 3 ASAIH 15 (bi = 1.47; S2di = 0.00), GREEN / SOMO (bi = 1.35; S2di = 0.01) (Mexico), Lilek (Russia) (bi = 0.92, S2di = 0.03), MAGH 72 FUTO ALG 86 (Mexico) (bi = 0.75, S2di = 0.01), YAZI 13 (Mexico) (bi = 0.12, S2di = 0.07).
Abstract: When working with collection material, one of the main problems is the study of most of the samples in a cycle of three years and the annual partial renewal of the set under study. Therefore, only a part of the varieties can be directly compared with each other in terms of ecological stability, and the main grouping has to be carried out by compari...
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Influence of Mineral Fertilizers and Other Agrotechnical Cultivation Methods on Yield and Grain Protein Content of Winter Wheat
Gasanova Iryna,
Yerashova Marharyta,
Astakhova Yanina,
Drumova Olena
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
89-94
Received:
19 March 2021
Accepted:
1 April 2021
Published:
12 April 2021
Abstract: It is established that in the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine to obtain comparable results in the amount of protein in winter wheat grain it is necessary after such predecessors as stubble and sunflower, to apply a higher dose of nitrogen in complete pre-sowing fertilizer, as well as in spring fertilization, than when growing on black fallow. In the case of fertilization at the end of plants tillering with nitrogen with a local dose of N60, the yield after spring barley, depending on the variety of winter wheat increased by 0.66-0.82, and for black fallow - by 0.58-0.64 t/ha. Among winter wheat varieties Kokhanka, Misia Odeska and Pylypivka, the highest yields and grain quality were observed in Pylypivka variety. It was found that among nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, Urea Ammonium Nitrate solution - UAN-32, and ammonium sulfate) the best results in protein formation in grain in most cases provided the introduction of UAN-32 and ammonium sulfate. Strong in grain quality, winter wheat varieties Niva Odeska and Uzhynok, both after sunflower and black fallow, outperformed Kokhanka variety in terms of protein content. It is established that the highest grain productivity of different varieties of winter wheat, both when grown after spring barley and black fallow, was observed at the optimal sowing date (September 22); the variety of durum wheat Burshtyn formed a higher protein content in the grain (13.5-14.6%) than varieties of soft wheat - Golubka Odeska (12.0-12.6%) and Lastivka Odeska 13.2-13.6%). It was found that in the research years the amount of protein in the grain of winter wheat depended more on crop fertilizer than on the sowing date.
Abstract: It is established that in the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine to obtain comparable results in the amount of protein in winter wheat grain it is necessary after such predecessors as stubble and sunflower, to apply a higher dose of nitrogen in complete pre-sowing fertilizer, as well as in spring fertilization, than when growing on black ...
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Evaluation of Early Maturing Sorghum and Cowpea Varieties Intercropping for Animal Nutritive Value and in vitro Digestibility in Fedis District, Eastern Ethiopia
Wubshet Tesfaye,
Tessema Zewdu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
95-100
Received:
9 February 2021
Accepted:
24 March 2021
Published:
23 April 2021
Abstract: The shortage of arable land and shortage of livestock feed specially quality feed resources are major constraints in East Hararghe Zone. Thus, a field study was conducted to evaluate an early maturing sorghum varieties and cowpea Lines intercropping for both food and feed production at Fedis Agricultural Research Center, eastern Ethiopia in 2018/19 cropping season. Two cowpea varieties (lines) (9333 and 9334) were intercropped with three varieties of early maturing sorghum (Teshale, Birhan and Melkam) and compared with sole cropping of all the varieties, which were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analyzed result showed the NDF content was significantly different (p < 0.05) among intercropped and sole sorghum the maximum NDF was recorded from sole sorghum Teshale (69.56%) and the minimum sorghum Birhan + cowpea (9333) (57.75%) and the Intercropping sorghum improved the CP of sorghum stover mean from sole (5.31%) to intercropped (6.03%). the. Cropping systems and cowpea lines were significantly affected (p < 0.05) the content of CP and NDF. The maximum CP obtained from cowpea (9334) + sorghum Teshale 29.19%), and the minimum CP obtained from sole cowpea (9333) (24.38%). Generally, the results of this study showed that intercropping of sorghum-cowpea were increased nutritional quality of cowpea and sorghum stover. Based on the results of this study, it concluded that intercropping sorghum with forage cowpea; preferably sorghum Melkam + cowpea (9333) to be appropriate to increase quality of sorghum stover in the study area.
Abstract: The shortage of arable land and shortage of livestock feed specially quality feed resources are major constraints in East Hararghe Zone. Thus, a field study was conducted to evaluate an early maturing sorghum varieties and cowpea Lines intercropping for both food and feed production at Fedis Agricultural Research Center, eastern Ethiopia in 2018/19...
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