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Desertification Combating and Ecological Restoration of Selected Acacia Species from Sub-Sahara, Savanna Regions
Mulik Abbaker Ibrahim Yousif,
Yan Rong Wang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
164-171
Received:
2 June 2021
Accepted:
17 June 2021
Published:
23 June 2021
Abstract: The Acacia species are widely distributed in the Sub-Sahara, Savanna regions and are of significant importance in terms of ecological remediation, afforestation programming, and economic value. Seed dormancy is common in Acacia species, and it creates difficulties in seed testing and planting. The initial aim of the current study was to assess the influence of a different temperature and different levels of water potential for germination based on the hydrothermal time models that had been successfully prophesying germination demand in several threat categories. Seeds of four Acacia species were treated at different temperature (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C) and different levels of osmotic stress (0, -.4, -0.8, and -1.2 MPa). The results revealed that the degree of dormancy variation among the species, they were 81% for A. nilotica, 74% for A. seyal, 15% for A. mellifera, and 5% for A. senegal. Whereas, the optimal temperatures responded is 25°C for A. seyal, and A. senegal, A. nilotica, and 20°C for A. mellifera. Therefore, there are negative correlations appeared within germination percentages and water potential, A. seyal, and A. senegal was displayed a drought-tolerant significantly lower levels of water stress. In contrast, A. nilotica and A. mellifera indicated less drought-tolerant of promoting water stress.
Abstract: The Acacia species are widely distributed in the Sub-Sahara, Savanna regions and are of significant importance in terms of ecological remediation, afforestation programming, and economic value. Seed dormancy is common in Acacia species, and it creates difficulties in seed testing and planting. The initial aim of the current study was to assess the ...
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Assessment on Production, Processing and Marketing Status of Beeswax in Kafa Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia
Tesfu Shegaw,
Tewabe Edimew
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
172-182
Received:
4 March 2021
Accepted:
24 April 2021
Published:
25 June 2021
Abstract: The study was conducted in the three districts of Kafa Zone of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region being; Chena, Gimbo and Gesha and three peasant associations (PAs) from each district. The main intention was to identify the production, processing and marketing status of beeswax. The districts were purposively selected based on their potential for honey and beeswax production and marketing. The survey data was collected from 239 selected beekeepers and key informants. According to the survey’s result, 94.98% of beekeepers do not practice any processing of honey and sale it in crude form. Only 24 (13%) of the respondents practicing collection of beeswax from old combs, ‘tej’ houses and discarded or broken combs while the majorities (87%) of them discarding it as a byproduct. Of those who were collecting beeswax, only 7 (29%) were processing it for selling to central markets and other local purposes such as foundation sheet making, smearing top bars and traditional candle/‘tuaf’ making. This implies the trends of collecting, processing and marketing of beeswax is at its very infant stages at beekeepers level. Whereas, local mead houses and cooperatives are considered the major actors engaged in processing and marketing of beeswax. According to personal observation during survey, local mead houses are the major sources where beeswax is readily available year round. However, the overall management practice of beeswax at this market segment is very poor.
Abstract: The study was conducted in the three districts of Kafa Zone of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region being; Chena, Gimbo and Gesha and three peasant associations (PAs) from each district. The main intention was to identify the production, processing and marketing status of beeswax. The districts were purposively selected based on their ...
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Effect of Ill-health on Technical Efficiency of Food Crop Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Adewuyi Samuel Ayodele,
Oladapo Adewale,
Afolami Carolyn Afolake,
Fabusoro Eniola,
Oshati Titilola
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
183-188
Received:
30 January 2021
Accepted:
2 March 2021
Published:
29 June 2021
Abstract: This study examined the effect of ill-health on technical efficiency of food crop farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from 300 randomly selected food crop farmers using multistage sampling procedure. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Findings revealed that respondents were still in their economic active age with mean age 46.5 years. Most (82.3%) of the farmers were male and 44.3% of the sampled farmers have primary education. Majority (70.0%) of the respondents had access to health care services out of which 50.7% had access to government maternity. 58.3 percentage of the respondents lost about 5 farming days due to illness of a member while majority (93.3%) of the farmers reported ill-health due to malaria, cold and catarrh. Farmers’ mean annual expenditure transportation to the nearest health care Centre and medication were ₦137.00 and ₦4,228.83 respectively. Mean technical efficiency was estimated to be 0.627 and the returns to scale computed as the sum of output elasticity for all inputs was estimated as 1.6506, indicating increasing return to scale. SFA showed that travel cost to health care centres (p<0.01) and cost of disease treatment (p<0.05) significantly decreased efficiency. The study concluded that cost of disease treatment decreased farmers’ efficiency. Therefore, government is encouraged to site health care facilities closer to farmers and ensure that the facilities are adequately equipped with modern medical equipment, drug and trained medical personnel. This should be accessible by farmers to improve efficiency.
Abstract: This study examined the effect of ill-health on technical efficiency of food crop farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from 300 randomly selected food crop farmers using multistage sampling procedure. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Findings revealed that respondents were...
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Experimental Evaluations of CROPWAT8 Irrigation Scheduling for Hot Pepper and WUE Through on-Farm Participatory Approaches, Northwest Ethiopia
Temesgen Fentahun Adametie,
Demeke Tamene Mitku
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
189-200
Received:
20 April 2021
Accepted:
21 June 2021
Published:
6 July 2021
Abstract: Irrigation scheduling is a critical management input to ensure adequate soil moisture for optimum plant growth, yield, quality, water use efficiency, and economic return. Besides farmer irrigation practice including irrigation scheduling in Northwest Ethiopia is cultural. The objective of this study was to evaluate CROPWAT irrigation scheduling for hot pepper and water use efficiency through on-farm participatory approaches Northwest Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted at two sites in Awi Zone, Dangela district (Ligaba) and Jawe district (Wobomariam), Northwest Ethiopia for two consecutive years 2017 and 2018. The experimental design was used a paired ‘t’ design it compares the effects of CROPWAT8 irrigation scheduling versus farmer's irrigation practice under both the furrow irrigation system. From January to May irrigation season gross irrigation depth for hot pepper considering field irrigation application efficiency of 60% was 466.4 and 720.2 for Ligaba and Wobomariam site respectively. The paired ‘t’ analysis revealed that water use efficiency and hot pepper fresh yield were significantly increased under the CROPWAT8 irrigation scheduling practice as compared with farmers irrigation practice. Hot pepper water use efficiency was improved by 43.7% and 9%%, and hot pepper fresh yield was improved by 12% and 31.4% for Ligaba (high land) and Wobomariam (low Land) areas of Northwest Ethiopia. In addition to this participant farmers and stakeholders also evaluate CROPWAT irrigation scheduling positively it could be used locality conditions. This shows the CROPWAT8 irrigation scheduling has increased significant benefits (proper water usage and hot pepper fresh yield increment). We conclude that the CROPWAT irrigation scheduling system is a promising technology to estimate crop water and irrigation water requirements with when and how much irrigate to corresponding growth stage. And also, that can improve hot pepper fresh yield of small-scale irrigation in Northwest Ethiopia.
Abstract: Irrigation scheduling is a critical management input to ensure adequate soil moisture for optimum plant growth, yield, quality, water use efficiency, and economic return. Besides farmer irrigation practice including irrigation scheduling in Northwest Ethiopia is cultural. The objective of this study was to evaluate CROPWAT irrigation scheduling for...
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Identification of Fungi Associated to Pseudips mexicanus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as a Possible Biocontrol Agent
Isaac Tello-Salgado,
Oscar Burgos-Duenas,
Maria Del Rayo Sanchez-Carbente,
Armando Burgos-Solorio
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
201-210
Received:
6 June 2021
Accepted:
23 June 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi are an important insect biological control group, however most of the fungi described as biological controllers have a broad spectrum of insect hosts. Pseudips mexicanus is a bark beetle that infests pine-oak forests in Mexico, causing significant economic and ecologic losses. In addition, the infestation alters the ecology of different organisms that coexist in the forest habitat. The search for bark beetle control methods other than pesticides has led to research into biological control procedures based on naturally occurring beetle pathogens. The goal of this paper was the isolation, morphological and molecular identification of fungi that naturally parasitize the bark beetle Pseudips mexicanus, as well as to carry out infection tests to propose a specific biological control alternative to this plague. Associated to this beetle, we have identified four isolates belonging to three genus: Beauveria, Lecanicillium and Trichoderma, within these some species have been used previously as biocontrollers, mainly in agricultural use, in the process of transformation of organic crops. The LVP-2 isolated, which was identified as Beauveria was tested for infection of naturally harvested bark beetles and its pathogenicity was proved, at three days post infection (dpi) most of the individuals presented little mobility of the legs and a swelling of the body was noted, however more studies are needed to determine their viability as plague controllers in Mexican forests.
Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi are an important insect biological control group, however most of the fungi described as biological controllers have a broad spectrum of insect hosts. Pseudips mexicanus is a bark beetle that infests pine-oak forests in Mexico, causing significant economic and ecologic losses. In addition, the infestation alters the ecology o...
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The Productivity of Soybeans Depending on the Conditions of Moisture Supply to the Soil
Shevnikov Mykola,
Milenko Olha,
Lotysh Ihor,
Shevnikov Dmytro,
Shovkova Oksana
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
211-218
Received:
22 June 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: The connection of moisture content in the soil to the total productivity of plants has been established. Indicators of photosynthetic activity of soy crops were higher in years, with better moisture resistance. Fluctuations in the net productivity of photosynthesis over the years ranged from 5.3 (the driest year) to 7.0 g/m2 day (a moisturizing year). The average indicator of the net productivity of photosynthesis during the years of favorable moisturizing was 6.5 g/m2•day, in arid years it decreased by 10.8%. The photosynthetic potential of soybean crops on average for 5 drought years was at the level of 2.5 million m2 / day during the period of branching - flowering, then it was reduced by 16%, which was a direct effect of lack of moisture in the soil. During the years of favorable soil moisture, the photosynthetic potential was quite high and remained for a longer period within 2.7 million m2 / day. The total height of plants in dry years was lower and amounted to 74.5% of sufficiently wet years. On average, 18.1 beans were formed on one plant in arid conditions, this indicator was - 29.0 beans with favorable moisture, which was higher by 60.2% compared to previous indicators. Losses from the fall of generative organs during the growing season were significant in dry years - 81.9, favorable for moisture - 78.0%. In conditions of sufficient moisture, the number of beans with three seeds was increased.
Abstract: The connection of moisture content in the soil to the total productivity of plants has been established. Indicators of photosynthetic activity of soy crops were higher in years, with better moisture resistance. Fluctuations in the net productivity of photosynthesis over the years ranged from 5.3 (the driest year) to 7.0 g/m2 day (a moisturizing yea...
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Diversity, Incidence and Severity of Mistletoe on Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) in Kumba, Meme Division, Southwest Region, Cameroon
Oben Tom Tabi,
Pierre Haiwe,
Egbe Andrew Enow
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
219-226
Received:
22 June 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
15 July 2021
Abstract: Cocoa is an important cash crop grown in about 400,000 ha in Cameroon and its yield remains low in spite of the use of elites’ varieties. Mistletoes are the main production limitation factor. Ecology and diversity of mistletoe are yet to be investigated in some major cocoa production areas of Cameroon. This study aimed to identify the mistletoe species infecting this crop, determine their incidence, severity and distribution, evaluate their possible sources of infection from farmers’ perspectives in the Kumba locality and appropriate management practices for these parasites. A survey was carried out in 2018, whereby samples of mistletoe on 9-17 years old cocoa plants were collected from 30 farms in 10 villages within the Kumba environs. Voucher specimens were taken for identification at the Limbe Botanic Gardens. A total of 7,279 plants were examined randomly in 3 farms per village and data obtained, analyzed using descriptive analysis and ANOVA. Three mistletoe species were identified: Phragmanthera lapathifolia, Phragmanthera batangae, and Tapinanthus globiferus. All the 10 villages surveyed, were infested with either of the parasites with Kake I having the highest incidence of 43.11% and with all the mistletoe species. Phragmanthera lapathifolia the most abundant (21.43%) of the 2,290 plants were infested. ANOVA at (P =.01;.05) showed that the local cocoa variety, Forastero was significantly susceptible than the hybrid, Trinitario. 86.6% of farmers identified birds as the main element of mistletoe dispersal; 93.3%mentioned that pruning of infected branches is best control for mistletoe. This study has established that three mistletoe parasites infest cocoa plantations in Kumba and determined their incidence, severity and distribution. Phragmanthera lapathifolia was the most abundant parasite and birds were most involved in mistletoe dispersal.
Abstract: Cocoa is an important cash crop grown in about 400,000 ha in Cameroon and its yield remains low in spite of the use of elites’ varieties. Mistletoes are the main production limitation factor. Ecology and diversity of mistletoe are yet to be investigated in some major cocoa production areas of Cameroon. This study aimed to identify the mistletoe spe...
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Socio-economic Characteristics of Family-run Maize Farm in the Centre Region of Cameroon
Eloundou Etoundi Christian,
Fon Dorothy Engwali,
Minkoua Nzie Jules René
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
227-232
Received:
1 July 2021
Accepted:
12 July 2021
Published:
19 July 2021
Abstract: This work presents the elements that characterise the socio-economic life of family maize farms. The research method was based on field surveys. The study was carried out between September 2019 and December 2020 in centre region of Cameroon. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with 1060 (545 women and 515 men) maize farm managers who were selected in a reasoned manner using the snowball method based on the file of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Cameroon. Data from the study was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that maize cultivation is mainly done by women, although women do not control the produce from these farms when they are married. 70.1% of the respondents are over 35 years old, 50% of the maize producers live in households with 4 to 8 people. Forty (40) percent of the respondents are in common-law unions without companies, but 73.9% of the respondent’s state that their main activity is farming and 13.6% state that they are engaged in "other" activities. The level of education of the maize farmers is low and 13.9% said they had never been to school for several reasons. However, the 21.5% of respondents who rent land do so from indigenous people who have customary rights to the land but whose rental principles prohibit the establishment of perennial crops. The characteristics of family maize farms in Central Cameroon predispose them to unprofitable and inefficient agriculture. Producers are limited by their social conditions to make the farms evolve over time.
Abstract: This work presents the elements that characterise the socio-economic life of family maize farms. The research method was based on field surveys. The study was carried out between September 2019 and December 2020 in centre region of Cameroon. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with 1060 (545 women and 515 men) maize farm managers who...
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Influences of Tree Species and Canopy Cover on Aboveground Biomass Yield and Ground Cover of Herbaceous Plants in Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia
Tolera Fikadu,
Tessema Zewdu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
233-240
Received:
28 June 2021
Accepted:
14 July 2021
Published:
2 August 2021
Abstract: The study was conducted at Keramile protected open forest of Goro-gutu district, Eastern Ethiopia, with the objective to examine the effects of tree species on the above ground aboveground biomass yield and ground cover of the herbaceous plants. Three tree species, Podocarpus falcatus and Juniperus procera from indigenous and Cupressus lusitanica from exotic tree species were used. Twenty large trees from each tree species, a total of 60 trees were selected purposively and 480 samples (four quadrats under and outside canopy in four directions for each tree) of herbaceous plants were collected. The results of the current study showed that tree species, canopy cover and their interactions had significant (P<0.05) influence on herbaceous plant above ground aboveground biomass yield and ground cover. The herbaceous plants differed in terms of above ground aboveground biomass yield and ground cover between the three tree species and canopy types. The herbaceous plant above ground aboveground biomass yield and ground cover were significantly (P<0.05) higher under P. falcatus than to J. procera and C. lusitanica trees, while no significant differences were (P>0.05) found between J. procera and C. lusitanica trees. The above ground aboveground biomass yield and ground cover obtained outside canopy was significantly higher than under canopy cover of the three tree species examined. The overall result showed that tree canopy cover strongly decreased aboveground biomass yield (P<0.0001) and ground cover (P<0.0001) of the herbaceous plants. The increased above ground aboveground biomass yield and ground cover of herbaceous plants in the outside canopies in the current study indicates that the presence of these tree species in the study area could increase the vulnerability of the herbaceous plant community to future disturbances, such as climate events. Generally, tree species, canopy cover and their interaction had negative impact on ground cover and aboveground biomass yield of herbaceous plant, in Keramile protected open forest, Goro-gutu district, eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated forest and herbaceous plant management and conservation is crucial in Keramile protected open forest, Goro-gutu district, eastern Ethiopia and areas receiving similar practice.
Abstract: The study was conducted at Keramile protected open forest of Goro-gutu district, Eastern Ethiopia, with the objective to examine the effects of tree species on the above ground aboveground biomass yield and ground cover of the herbaceous plants. Three tree species, Podocarpus falcatus and Juniperus procera from indigenous and Cupressus lusitanica f...
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Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Dry Matter Yield and Water Productivity of Young Harerghe Coffee Genotypes at Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
241-247
Received:
24 July 2021
Accepted:
6 August 2021
Published:
12 August 2021
Abstract: Coffee plays an important role in Ethiopia's economy; it is a major source of revenue, accounting for almost 70% of total export earnings. However, the recurrent drought and seasonal moisture deficit impacted the coffee production. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of Harerghe coffee genotypes under different deficit irrigation levels at Jimma (Malko) in rain shelter. Six Harerghe coffee genotypes seedlings with age of eleven months were subjected to three deficit irrigation levels (40, 80 and 120% of ETc) with randomized complete block design, which replicated three times. It was observed that different deficit levels significantly affected water productivity, dry mater yield production and growth traits for all genotypes. Based on mean values of total dry matter production, genotype H-823, H-957 and H-981 were classified as more productive than H-929 and H-979 under 80%ETc irrigations, while H-929 found to be less productive in terms of dry matter production. The 40%ETc of irrigation significantly improved water productivity, but, 120%ETc considerably reduced the water productivity of most genotypes. As supply of irrigation increased the water productivity was linearly decreased and opposite trend is observed for dry mater yield and plant growth. Regardless of genotypes, almost all genotypes differentially responded to irrigation amounts, the highest and lowest water productivity had produced from H-823 and H-929, respectively, but similar values was observed among H-857 and H-981. The genotype X irrigation interaction significantly impacted all measured plant traits. Among genotypes, H-823 produced highest water productivity under 80%ETc and followed by H-674, H-857 and H-929 under 40%ETc, while the lowest had from H-981 and H-674 with 120%ETc. In contrast, the 40%ETc significantly reduced dry matter production as well as inhibit plant growth. But, under 80%ETc coffee seedlings gave medium water productivity, maximum dry matter and promoted vegetative growth. However, this finding should further proofed with replicated field experiments under different agro-ecological conditions.
Abstract: Coffee plays an important role in Ethiopia's economy; it is a major source of revenue, accounting for almost 70% of total export earnings. However, the recurrent drought and seasonal moisture deficit impacted the coffee production. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of Harerghe coffee genotypes under different de...
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Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Morphological Quantitative Characters in Some Ethiopian Specialty Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Accessions
Meseret Degefa,
Sentayehu Alamerew,
Ali Mohammed,
Adeba Gemechu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
248-257
Received:
24 July 2021
Accepted:
6 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Ethiopia is the motherland and center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Receiving extra information on genetic variability is a precondition for more enhancement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). The present study was carried out to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis of 104 entries consisting of 100 accessions from southern parts of Ethiopia and four standard cultivars were evaluated using augmented design. Data on 22 quantitative traits were recorded from five envoy trees per row for each accession. The result revealed that, for nearly all of the traits phenotypic correlation coefficients were lower than genotypic correlation coefficients, indicative of the inherent union among various traits is less influenced by environment. The genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that leaf area, number of primary branches, number of nodes of primary branches, canopy diameter, bean width, stem diameter, fruit width, fruit thickness, hundred bean weight, bean thickness and average inter node length of primary branches, had positive direct effects on yield per tree, at the same time as the other traits affected yield indirectly, primarily through total plant height, number of secondary branches, height up to first primary branches, fruit length, bean length, average length of primary branches, leaf width and leaf length, show negative direct sound effects on yield per tree.
Abstract: Ethiopia is the motherland and center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Receiving extra information on genetic variability is a precondition for more enhancement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). The present study was carried out to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis of 104 entries consisting of 10...
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A Preliminary Checklist of Flowering Plants in Pangkor Selatan Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
Zohari Ahmad Fitri,
Nik Hashim Nik Hazlan,
Nik Ali Nik Norafida,
Mohd. Said Nizam,
Abdul Latiff
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
258-268
Received:
26 July 2021
Accepted:
10 August 2021
Published:
26 August 2021
Abstract: A preliminary botanical survey was conducted in the coastal hill forest in Pangkor Selatan Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Standard methods were used to record the species found around this forest. The first method involved the collection of herbarium specimens which are complete with fruit and flowers (fertile specimens). Unfortunately during this survey many species did not bear fruits or flowers. The second method involved the collection of sterile specimens (without fruits and flowers) to be used as voucher specimens and the third method was by random observation where the plants were observed without any specimen collection. The fourth method involved the establishment of small plots where all plants were enumerated. In the first and second methods, the specimens were collected and processed. The fertile specimens were kept in the Herbarium of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKMB) as a reference in the future. Identification was done by comparing with those reference collections in herbarium UKMB and herbarium of Forest Research Institute (KEP) plus referring to local botanical books. A total of 237 taxa belonging to 170 genera and 64 families were recorded. Dicotyledons are represented by 59 families while the monocotyledons are represented by only 5 families. The family Euphorbiaceae is the most speciose with 21 species and followed by Dipterocarpaceae with 14 species. Both the genera Diospyros and Syzygium are the largest with 8 species each. The species that are commonly found in these forests include Cnestis palala, Rourea minor, Hopea beccariana, Diospyros clavigera, Hydnocarpus filipes, Fordia unifoliata, Memecylon pubescens, Pternandra coerulescens, Ficus variegata, F. vasculosa, Knema stenophylla, Syzygium zeylanicum, Strombosia javanica, Eugeissona tristis, Orania sylvicola, Xanthophyllum affine, Gynotroches axillaris, Aidia densiflora, Diplospora malaccensis, Gardenia carinata, Psydrax sp. 10, Paramignya sp., Grewia laevigata, Schoutenia accrescens ssp. accrescens and Rinorea anguifera. A total of 25 endemic taxa to Peninsular Malaysia has been recorded in this study including Fordia unifoliata, a small tree of ca. 10 m tall, endemic to Perak and restricted to coastal hill forest. In addition, a total of 48 species of flowering plants in Pangkor Selatan Forest Reserve was listed in 2020 IUCN Red List Categories and related reference. It is clear that this coastal hill forest has supported many species of flowering plants including endemic taxa and this forest need to be conserved.
Abstract: A preliminary botanical survey was conducted in the coastal hill forest in Pangkor Selatan Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Standard methods were used to record the species found around this forest. The first method involved the collection of herbarium specimens which are complete with fruit and flowers (fertile specimens). Unfortunately...
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Assessment of Available Livestock Feed Resources in South Gondar Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
269-275
Received:
26 July 2021
Accepted:
9 August 2021
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: The study was conducted in four districts of South Gonder Zone of the Amhara National Regional State which represent highland and mid-altitude agro-ecology of the zone. In the study districts the existing livestock feed types, sources and the total DM obtained from each feed type has not been yet well addressed. So the objective of the study was to identify the major types and sources of available feed resources of livestock production. Two hundred ten rural households from both agro-ecologies were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire. A single–visit-multiple-subject survey was carried out. The major types of feeds available are crop residues, natural pasture, hay, indigenous fodder trees and improved forage crops and pasture which vary in season. The annual average maintenance DM requirement per household was higher (p<0.05) in mid-altitude (10.47 TDM) than in the highland agro-ecology (8.92 TDM) districts. An average of 9.69 TDM of maintenance DM was produced per household from the major available feed resources, of which 62.08%, 12.24% and 12.19% was obtained from crop residues, conserved hay and grazing land, respectively. The average livestock population per household was 5.92 TLU and the average annual utilizable DM feed per household was 9.69 TDM. The study recommended that strategies like sustainable conservation of hay and crop residues during a surplus season, development of improved forages and proper storage and appropriate utilization of available feed resources are an option to mitigate feed shortage.
Abstract: The study was conducted in four districts of South Gonder Zone of the Amhara National Regional State which represent highland and mid-altitude agro-ecology of the zone. In the study districts the existing livestock feed types, sources and the total DM obtained from each feed type has not been yet well addressed. So the objective of the study was to...
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